高考英语阅读理解专题指导主旨大意题
导语：主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深
层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某
一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。下面就由为大家介绍高
考英语阅读理解专题指导：主旨大意题，大家一起去学习吧！
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled .
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title
for the passage?
5) This passage chiefly deals with.6) What’s the topic of the article?
7) What is the subject discussed in the text?
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is.
The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is 这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，不少文章一开头便展示出
文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达
出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句
或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点
明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。
做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也
就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心
思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必
须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进展全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
1）文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或开展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式.
例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
例2.Today the problem of environment has bee more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has bee too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
2).文尾，在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式
例3.A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, pared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Ma n’s games show how he can control his own body. No other
land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.
3).文中，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或符合逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或开展.
例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
4).首尾照应，为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾照应的写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或开展的意味。
例5.（首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said…
&O1472;（尾段）“The sad sto ry touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by
snakes.”Shu said.
5).无主题句，即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必
须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进展全面考虑，综合分析，然后
找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University
of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He
transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ＿＿＿＿
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
[分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所
有的 details综合起来，进展逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的
主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham承受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham承受过良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ
除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词
文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：
on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus…..I agree with the opinion that….;Given all these points above,
I would support the idea that….; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer….
例1（文章请看推理判断例2，xx年全国高考）
①What would be the best title for the text?
A．Computers and Printers B．E-mail and the Business World
C．Inter Revolution and Environment D．Modern Technology and New Markets
[分析]此题考查对于全文主旨大意的把握并要求考生据此选择最正确标题．
全文的关键词应该是Inter和Environment，因此答案为C．
其余选项中的puters，printers，e—mail，business world，technology，market都在文中提到了，但其作用只是为了
说明主题所需，答题时不可以点代面．
例2：As prices and building costs keep rising,the "do-it-yourself"(DIY)trend（趋势）in the U.S.continues to grow."We needed furniture（家具）for our living room,"says John Ross,"and we just didn't have enough money to buy
it.So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs."John got married six months ago,and like many young people these days,they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high.The Rosses took a 2-week course for $ 280 at a night school.Now they build
all their furniture and make repairs around the house.Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died.Hs has a full-
time job at home as well as in a shoe making https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed19038694.html,st month,he received a car repair bill for $ 420."I was deeply upset about it.Now I've finished a car repair course,I should be able to fix the car by myself."John and Jim are not unusual people.Most families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so the can fight the high cost of living.If you want to bee a "do-it-yourselfer",you can go to DIY calsses.And for those who don't have time to take a course,there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.（1998NMET）
②.What would be the best title for the text?
A.the Joy of DIY
B.You Can Do It Too!
C.Wele to Our DIY Course!
D.Ross and Hatfield:Believers in DIY.
[分析]根据首句As prices and building costs keep rising,the "do-it-yourself"(DIY)trend（趋势）in the
U.S.continues to grow.和尾句And for those who don't have time to take a course,there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.可以知道答案为B
例3：A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of （证明有……罪）shoplifting for the second time in six months.
Ana Luz, recently studying for her PhD,has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops .
Luz ,who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam
Road ,Cambridge ,admitted stealing clothes worth ￡9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street ,London ,on March 9.
Phillip Lemoyne ,prosecuting（起诉）,said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies’ toilet in the store .When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected ,having taken off the anti-theft security alarms（防盗警报装置）.
She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying ,Mr Lemoyne said.
He added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions.
Luz,28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October ,but Morag Duff, defending ,said she had never been in trouble with the police before that .
“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this ,” Miss D uff said . “She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the
store .She is at a loss to explain it . She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady .She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know
if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.”
Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡ 50, and warned :
“You’ve got a criminal record .If you carry on like
this ,you will end up in prison ,which will ruin your
bright future you may have.”
Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain ,went on to a famous university in Berlin , Germany for her master’s degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University ,UK.（xx福建）
③.What would be the best title for the passage ?
A．Shoplifting Shame of a PhD Student B．Apologizing
for the Actions in Shops
C．Seeking Professional Help from Experts D．Controlling the Desire to Steal from Shops
[分析]文章主要讲的是一个女博士生盗窃的事，唯有A答案(女博士的偷窃丑闻)点出了主题，其他答案均为细节的描述，不能成为正确答案
例4：Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so on.These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.
First, let’s talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you can expect
to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it’s very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn’t enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct discussion sections.
If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you’ll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.（xx重庆卷）
④.The main purpose of this text is .
A. to help the students to learn about university life
B. to persuade the students to attend lectures
C. to encourage the sudents to take part in discussions
D. to advise the students to choose proper majors
[分析]答案A B、C为细节，无论对错不能成为此类题型的答案.D.没有涉及到如何选择专业的问题
you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so on.These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.
例5：Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago
in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each o ther’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially
when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it
slightly- There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.（xx年安徽
卷）
⑤The first paragraph mainly tells us .
A. where handshaking was first practiced
B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
[分析]第一段主要讲述了握手的起源。答案B
⑥The main purpose of the text is .
A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West
B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking
C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West
D. to give us some advice before we travel abroad
[分析]本篇讲述了在什么情况下握手比较得体，给我们提供了有关握手的事实。答案B
高考阅读理解主旨大意题专项主旨大意题通常涉及概括中心大意、揭示主题、选择标题判断作者写作意图等形式。 1.The main idea of the passage is that __________. 2.The passage is mainly about __________. 3.The best title of the passage is __________. 4.From the passage we can learn/ conclude that __________. 5.The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is __________. 6.Which is the best title of this passage? 7.What’s the main idea of the passage? 8.What’s the purpose of__________? 实战演练 A(全国I) Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
解密16 阅读理解之主旨大意题 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对文章大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占2-3个。 ◆主旨大意题的分类 1. 从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种 ①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段。 ②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。 2. 考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种 ①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意； ②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的； ③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。 ◆设问特点： 1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。 2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。 3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。 4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。 ◆常考问题： 1. 中心思想类 The main point /idea of the pa ssage is… The passage is mainly about… The passage mainly discusses… The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…? Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 2. 标题类 Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
阅读理解之主旨题（解析版） 主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题类和主题类。 主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。 正确选项特征干扰选项特征 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。 3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。1.过于笼统，不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内 容。 2.以偏概全，主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章 中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或 以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 3.移花接木，偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放 在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。 4.无中生有，生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经 过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的 内容毫无联系。 类型一标题归纳题
一、提问方式 ·The best title of the passage is ________. ·Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ·What would be the best title for the passage? ·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______. 二、解题必备知能 (一)理解标题的3大特点 一个好的标题应具备三大特点： 1．概括性——准确而又简短； 2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符； 3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。 (二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题 1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨； 2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项； 3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。 例子1 Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类 A (2021·山东济宁一模) During a decline in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in “visitors”recently. So many are the hermit crabs(寄居蟹) flooding into the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become in short supply. The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg. On December 5 these were distributed around the park in a ceremony. Hermit crabs rely on shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells may be man-made: pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as goods. Crabs begun to make do with potential death-traps such as plastic caps and bottles. The shell drive is part of a government initiative to regain the balance of nature.“I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the pause in tourism brought on by the epidemic. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature recover, bringing endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years. The government has decided to try to copy the policy during the epidemic in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for a short period during the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more parks may help to keep the tourists coming. 1.What happened to the beaches of Koh Lanta recently? A.They got flooded by seawater. B.They became completely empty. C.They were packed with hermit crabs. D.They saw a constant stream of tourists. 2.What contributed to the housing shortage for hermit crabs? A.Natural disasters. B.Human activities. C.Their preference for bottles. D.The government’s involvement. 3.Why are turtles mentioned in paragraph 4? A.To warn turtles are dying out. B.To prove beaches are their ideal habitats. C.To stress the ecological diversity of Thailand.
阅读理解题型分类练(七) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类 A [2022·高三湖北十一校第一次联考] As 16yearold Torri'ell Norwood drove through Florida, last February, the laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams. As they approached an intersection, another car crashed them, sending their car sailing into the yard of a nearby home, coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree. As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, “It's about to blow up! Get out！” Shaken but OK, Norwood crawled out thr ough the window as the driver's side door couldn't be opened.Along with two of her friends，who'd also managed to free themselves, she ran for her life. But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn't with them. Norwood ran back and found Simmons unconscious in the back seat. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. After checking her pulse and found there was no sign of life, she started CPR. Had the accident happened a few weeks earlier, she might not have known what to do. But just the day before, Norwood, who wanted to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate by learning on her own. Kneeling on the lawn and looking down at her dying friend, Norwood knew she had precious little time to practice what she'd learned. She started pumping Simmons's chest with her interlocked fingers and breathing into her friend's mouth in the hope of filling her lungs with the kiss of life.After quite a while, Simmons began coughing and taking quick deep breaths for air. The CPR had worked! Soon, the ambulance arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital. And then she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I am not shocked，” Simmons told ot hers. “She will always help any way she can.” 1．What caused the car crash?
高考英语阅读理解专题指导主旨大意题 导语：主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深 层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某 一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。下面就由为大家介绍高 考英语阅读理解专题指导：主旨大意题，大家一起去学习吧！ 1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be. 2)The text (passage) could be entitled . 3)What is the best title for the passage? 4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 5) This passage chiefly deals with.6) What’s the topic of the article? 7) What is the subject discussed in the text? 8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is. The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is 这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，不少文章一开头便展示出 文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达 出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句 或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点 明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。 做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也 就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心 思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必
考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类 A (2021·山东淄博高三三模) For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment. The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming. The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars. Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind! As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars! 1.What does paragraph2mainly talk about? A.The information of industrial revolution. B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. C.The reasons of climate change. D.The result of extreme weather events. 2.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.We have made great achievements. B.Some measures are still required to take. C.Mars is suitable for people’s living. D.Some countries will receive urgent aid. 3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
专题十四阅读理解（主旨大意题） 阅读理解题型分类 主旨大意题的考查，要求学生通过阅读文章，抓住文章的主旨大意所在，在理解文章内容的基础上，找到文章大意或段落大意，主要考查学生归纳概括信息的能力。 主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以选择文章最佳标题(title/topic)，概括文章中心大意(main idea)、文章段落大意(topic)等形式出现。 主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。
一、主旨大意题的分类 主旨大意题的分类及其常见设问形式 1. 标题概括类 做此类试题时，要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。 常见设问形式有： What is the best title for this passage? Which of the following is the best title of the passage? What can be a suitable title for the text? What might be the best title for the passage? The best title of the passage is ______. The suitable headline of the passage may be ______. 2. 文章大意类 每篇文章都有中心思想，可以通过找主题句来获取文章中心思想。主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。因此，在阅读时要倍加关注文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句。 常见设问形式有： What is the main idea of the passage?
第一部分专题一第4讲 A (2022·山东省泰安市高三一模) Imagine that one day you live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual world.You can go to a virtual concert, take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing.Amid a pandemic like COVID19, instead of seeing teachers and classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom.This may help you understand the concept, metaverse. The term metaverse refers to a shared virtual 3D world in which people can access via the Internet.Currently, most virtual spaces look more like the inside of a video game than real life.However, metaverseʼs made the digital spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR, 增强现实). Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephensonʼs novel SnowCrash in 1992.The novel is about Hiro, a pizza delivery man by day and a VR superhero by night who lives in an online universe called The Metaverse.“He is in a putergenerated universe that his puter is drawing onto his glasses and pulling into his earphones，” the novel says of the city that everyone pops into in VR.The idea rings in many other works, for example, in ReadyPlayerOne directed by Steven Spielberg. In recent years, metaverse has bee the latest popular word to capture the tech industryʼs imagination so much that one of the bestknown Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the futuristic idea—Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his panyʼs name to Meta. Tech panies are also dedicated to exploring metaverserelated products.Facebook has launched meeting software for panies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets.The headsets cost $300 or more, putting the metaverseʼs most cuttingedge (尖端的) experiences out of reach for many.For users who can afford it, they can enter the virtual worlds created by different panies.Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the development of the Internet. So, do you expect the ing of metaverse? 1．What can be inferred about metaverse？________ A．It is a video game like real life. B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists. C．It gives us a real life in a virtual world. D．It can protect yourself from a pandemic.
考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类 A (2021·山东烟台一模) The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased. In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss. In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%. In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase. Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices. 1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph? A.The risky customers. B.The European retailer. C.The returned items. D.The lesser-known brands. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it. B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands. C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation. D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods. 3.What is the passage mainly about? A.Low-risk products. B.Return rates. C.Increased purchases.
阅读理解题型分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类 A [2022·合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测] During school life, Muhammad Tariq Khan developed an interest in playing badminton. Unfortunately, the school did not have a coach, so he had to teach himself the sport. His dedication helped him become an under 12 Pakistan Champion at the age of 10. Coming from a workingclass family, Khan had to work in a factory to earn money for his family. But driven by his passion, Khan found out ways to watch other players play matches on the badminton court and he learned various techniques used by experienced players. Meanwhile, Khan practiced badminton by hitting the shuttlecock (羽毛球) against the walls of his home. Seeing his passion for the sport, his family bought him a net, a few wooden rackets, and a pack of shuttlecocks to practice at home. Later, Khan often practiced in an open court. To build up strength, he went on daily morning dash (短跑) by the riverside. His intense practice sessions had made him so skilled that he courageously attacked and played against the topranked players. Soon he became a known player. Although he had a supportive family, he could not take up badminton as a fulltime career. In order to help his father with finances and shoulder responsibility for his brothers and sisters, he had to switch his focus to building a longlasting and stable career to sustain his family. After completing his degree in Bachelor of Commerce from Sindh University in 1964, he joined the Pakistan International Airlines in 1967. As an adult, he acknowledged the importance of his duties and performed them with great enthusiasm. Despite his daily office routine, Khan did not lose his passion for sports and played regularly. The journey of Khan's achieving his goals is indeed challenging. His family had spent their initial days in a refugee (难民) camp. Khan ever walked long distances from college to his house to avoid using public transport to save cash to buy