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奥巴马对华政策分析

奥巴马对华政策分析
奥巴马对华政策分析

奥巴马对华政策分析

陈静静11政治学与行政学学号:110403003

摘要:2012年美国总统大选中,奥巴马连任成功,在其过去执政的四年里,对华政策褒贬不一。再次当选,奥巴马对华政策更是受到了广泛关注。不光影响着中美两国的经济发展、更是对世界经济。政治与和平稳定起着重要作用。

关键词:对华政策、台湾问题、贸易问题、互利共赢

2012年美国总统大选,奥巴马再次当选总统。在这次大选中,对华政策成为双方唇枪舌战的主要内容。从08年奥巴马第一次当选美国总统时候,其对华政策就受到了广泛的关注。从其执政的过程来看,奥巴马对华政策实际上是有着不断调整的,但又大体维持着总的方针未变。奥巴马对华政策有了那些变化,又是什么原因导致了这些变化,又有什么原则是一直坚持的?

首先,不可否认的是,相对于布什政府的强硬,奥巴马政府对华政策相对温和。他也十分重视与中国的关系,在其上任的第一年便对中国进行了访问,这是第一位在任期的第一年便对中国进行访问的美国总统。并且访问日期维持了四天,而对于美国的一贯盟友日本的访问,仅仅一天而已。奥巴马本人更曾经说过:我与中国特别有缘。然而,其实无论谁当选成为美国总统,对华政

策的根本出发的还是基于对于美国的利益的考虑。奥巴马对华政策也不可避免的在执行中发生了变化,出现了“当面一套,背后一套”的尴尬处境。

台湾问题仍然是中美关系中最为核心、最为敏感的问题。奥巴马政府在对台问题上,做出的声明是反对两个中国论,这看似是支持大陆与台湾关系进一步改善。可是事实上,美国政府继续遵行《与台湾关系法》,在对待台湾问题上的立场并没有发生任何改变。克林顿国务卿在访华前夕曾明确表示,美国不会放弃对台湾的义务,美国将继续对台军售。

而奥巴马在竞选时候曾经称如果当选会积极推进与中美关系,与中国发展建设性的关系。不会将中国妖魔化。可是而后,他又表明,中国既是美国重要的合作伙伴,也是美国的主要竞争对手。近期内甚至频频出现“中国威胁论”“中国高傲论”等。奥巴马政府在从伊拉克撤军等方面做了积极的行动,却在对于中国方面实行了“重返亚太”的战略计划。虽然美国称这一计划只是为了维护地区和平,但是其实对中国的针对性不言而喻。2012年的“黄岩岛”事件,日本与中国的钓鱼岛之争等,其实在背后都有美国的影子。

而在经贸问题上,奥巴马上台以后则是显示了更加强硬的态度。他讲中美两国贸易的巨大顺差归责为中国操控人民币,提出中国必须改变贸易政策,并指责中国有意压低人民币汇率。还指出希望中国提高内需在GDP中所在的比重,从而降低中国出口

在GDP中的所占的比重。虽然奥巴马主张的是所谓的自由贸易,可是其一些行为主张仍带有一些贸易保护主义的倾向。认为美国国内大量的就业机会给给了外国人,而美国的一些企业又进行了许多海外投资,促进了别国经济的发展。奥巴马在2008年10月29日公布的致美国全国纺织业组织理事会的信中称:“中国必须改变其政策(包括汇率政策),以便减少对出口的依赖,更多依靠国内本土需求的增长。”奥巴马表示,他会利用所有的外交手段促使中国改变。其实贸易顺差的原因是多方面的,和各个国家的国情,以及当前全球金融危机的大背景有关,而海外投资等也是全球化的体现。

其实在当今世界,中国已经超越日本,成为全球第二大经济体,同时也是持有美国国债最多的国家,奥巴马访问中国期间,在即将离京回国之时,向中国政府表示,希望中国政府继续增持美国国债。由此可见,美国发展离不开中国。而美国虽然遭受金融危机,经济发展速度相对缓慢,可是其作为世界经济、军事、政治大国的地位仍没有发生根本性动摇。中美之间相互影响,只能够共同合作,相互信任,寻求共同进步。如果相互怀疑,双方互打贸易保护战,阻碍经济交流,甚至在军事上发生冲突,对双方来说,都是两败俱伤的事。这也是虽然奥巴马政府在实际操作中一向政策对于中国有针对性,可是在大体方面,仍是寻求与中国合作、建立友好关系的原因。在目前的国际大背景下,奥巴马一定会致力于建立中美双方的建设性合作伙伴关系。

美国曾经承诺不再抑制中国发展,承认中国发展在世界经济中所起到的积极作用,对于中国外交政策的温和态度转变,以此来谋求与中国在对于伊朗核问题、世界气候环境变化等问题上的一致。然而中美两国由于各自不同的国情、以及长期以来历史原因形成的不同价值观、政治制度、意识形态领域等方面的差别使得中国不能一味寻求与美国的“同步调”。理性告诉中国,目前还没有作为一个发达国家队世界气候承担责任的能力,对于伊朗核问题等中国也有自己的立场。这使得中美两国之间出现了一些信任危机,而奥巴马政府内的一些强硬派则趁机对其施压,认为对待中国就应该采取强硬的态度。政府内部的压力也是使得奥巴马对华政策发生转变的原因。

当今世界,和平与发展仍是世界发展的主题。在这个大背景下。美国应当抛弃所谓的“中国威胁论”,不要盲目担忧、排斥中国的发展与进步。而是正确认识到中国发展对于美国经济、世界经济政治与地区和平稳定的重大影响力。双方加强相互信任,看到中国政府以及中国人民的友好态度。相互尊重主权,减少美国在亚太地区的军事控制,寻求相互和平稳定的合作,实现互利共赢。

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修辞学期末作业 ——关于奥巴马就职演讲的修辞格分析 11级英语7班 1105020224 张骁

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