第一讲名词
语法填空
【典题试做】
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes(cause)．
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased pollution(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
1．给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；
2．给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词。
短文改错
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. player→players
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. job →jobs
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. city→cities
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. chicken→chickens
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. Friday’s
→Friday
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. sort→sorts
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well. mistake→mistakes
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！” word→words
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. informations→information
1．可数名词单复数的错用；
2．混淆名词的可数与不可数；
3．名词的格的误用。
名词的数
名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分，不可数名词没有复数形式。
1．可数名词单复数的变化规则
(1)可数名词复数的规则变化
变化规则例词
一般情况下在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths house→houses
以-s，-x，-ch，-sh 结尾的名词在词尾加-es
glass→glasses
match→matches
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-es
country→countries
factory→factories
以元音字母加-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-s
holiday→holidays
monkey→monkeys
以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos photo→photos
(1)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks, congratulations, wishes, greetings, shoes, trousers, works(著作；工厂), manners(礼貌), instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷；文件), times(时代)等。
(2)一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：take turns to do sth., in high spirits, make friends with, shake hands with, make preparations for, make both ends meet, take pains to do sth.等。
2．不可数名词
(1)常考的不可数名词
一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
■名师点津
word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。
(2)抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常
考的有：
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词)
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个成功的人/一件成功的事
win honour赢得荣誉an honour一个值得尊敬的人/一件值得尊敬的事failure失败 a failure一个失败的人/一件失败的事by experience靠经验an experience一次经历
with pleasure乐意 a pleasure一件乐事
名词的格
1．’s所有格
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词，其变化方法如下：
构成例词
一般是在名词词尾加’s John’s home 约翰的家
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’students’ textbooks 学生们的课本
词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词，仍加’s children’s game 孩子们的游戏
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the title of the article文章的标题
the name of the girl over there 那边那位女孩的名字
3．双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词’s”或“名词＋of ＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a，any，some，a few，two，this，that，these, those 等修饰，但不能用the。
a picture of my mother’s我母亲的一张照片
this little cat of your sister’s 你妹妹的这只小猫
■名师点津
(1)表示时间、距离、重量、地方等无生命的事物的名词也可以借助’s 表示所有关系。
a week’s holiday一周的假
thirty minutes’ride 三十分钟的车程
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop, office, house, home 等常省去。
at the doctor’s (office) 在(医生的)诊所里
at Mr.Green’s (house) 在格林先生家
判断词性，确定名词单复数
1．根据题干的语法结构，特别是设空前的限定词判断词性：冠词、代词、数词、量词、形容词和介词后应接名词形式。
2．根据句法结构判断词性：如果所填词在句中作主语、宾语、同位语时，一般用所给词的名词形式。
3．确定词性为名词后，根据常用的前后缀将所给词转换成适当的形式；然后再根据名词本身确定可数与不可数，如果名词可数，则需根据其前限定词及谓语动词的形式来确定名词的单复数形式。
[例](浙江卷)I absent-mindedly turned the ________________(page) of the phone book and came across a city map.
[分析]pages句意：我漫不经心地翻着电话簿，偶然看到了一张城市地图。page意为“页；面”，为可数名词，根据语境，电话簿应该有很多页，故应该用复数形式，故填pages。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·保定摸底)Bringing together Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, rather than being in competition(compete), is where the potential for great effects lies.
2．(2020·吉林第一次调研)Different stages of sleep actually give you different types of brain and body benefits(benefit)．
3．My first impression(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
4．(2020·湖北重点高中联考协作体期中)How can students manage anxiety(anxious) and stress during exam time and still get the grades they need?
5．(2020·安徽江淮十校联考)Nowadays, of course, the harmful effects(effect) of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known.
6．(2020·安徽联盟阶段考试)He learns what to do by reading books and computer
magazines and checking out sites on the Internet about home-built PCs, and sites that answer questions(question) for people doing it for the first time.
7．(2020·宜昌葛洲坝中学月考)Not only have the fables themselves lived for nearly 1，500 years, but expressions(express) from them have entered various languages.
8．(2020·广西4月模拟)The painting is highly detailed and features shops of all kinds and different economic activities(activity) in and out of the city.
9．(2020·江西新余期中)Sometimes there’s so much work for you to deal with and you feel it’s beyond your ability to fulfil it.Actually, you can take measures(measure) to help yourself.
10．(2020·潍坊一模)The structure was finally completed on 6 February 2018 and journalists(journalist)were subsequently given rides over the bridge.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中)Undoubtedly, he’s one of the most popular teacher in our school. teacher→teachers
2．(2020·福建长汀一中等六校联考)On the one hand, smart phones can distract students’attentions. attentions→attention
3．(2020·安徽江淮十校联考)She is such an inspiring person with a strong sense of responsibilities, and we all respect and admire her.responsibilities→responsibility 4．(2020·潍坊一模)After all, helping people in need is a good way to obtain joy and happy.happy→happiness
5．(2020·兰州二诊)By chance, one of my interviewer was just the driver of the yellow car.interviewer→interviewers
6．(2020·云南玉溪一中调研)After that, I will stay at home reading some books to acquire more knowledges. knowledges→knowledge
7．(2020·广西八市联合调研)I’m glad that you will compete in the final of the Chinese Speech Contest.Congratulation to you! Congratulation→Congratulations
8．(2020·攀枝花统考)Yesterday, I took a walk in the Panzhihua Park with my parents.The beautiful flowers were in various color. color→colors
9．(2020·沈阳一模)There are so many job to choose from, but which one is right for me？job→jobs
10．(2020·武汉武昌区调研)Considering my case, my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a short-term goal to improve my maths. approach→approaches
一词多义 addict coca addict巧克力控drug addict吸毒者 address 1. This letter is addressed to you.这封信(地址)是写给你的 2. He addressed to me他对我说话 admit 1. admit defeat承认失败 2. admit sb. to membership加入 3. be admitted into the club 被录取 agree w ith 1. I can’t agree with you.同意 2. The climate here can’t agree with me.我不适应这里的气候。 air air his view 发表他的看法 It was aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world. 转播 apply 申请，应用applicant 申请人application申请，应用 arm 1. take up arms 拿起武器2. be armed with …用……武装，装备有 article 1.文章 2. 冠词 3. He examined the articles in the bag.物品 at once I can’t make out what they are talking about. Don’t speak all at once. 同时，一起available 有效的，可得的；可利用的；空闲的 aware be aware of 知道self awareness自我意识 back 1. 背部n. 2. I back you.支持 3 . back the car 倒车 balance 1. 秤n. 2. keep one’s balance保持平衡 3. balance in cash 余额 beat 1. The team beat that one打败，战胜 2.The heart beats fast. 跳动 3 beat the wings 拍打 bill 钞票，账单，法案 board 董事会boarding school 寄宿学校 board a plane乘坐飞机on board a train/ship在火车/轮船上 break 1. ten-minutes’ break休息10分钟lunch break午休时间 2.break a record 打破记录 3.break the news宣布消息 capital 资金；首都；大写 change 1. Do you have small change? 零钱 2.Great changes have taken place.变化 charge free of charge免费charge sb $150 收某人150元 charge sb控告charge a battery给电池充电 Charge!冲锋rechargeable batteries充电电池 in charge (of) 负责，管理in the charge of由……负责，受管理 chest 胸膛a medicine chest 药箱 a picnic chest野餐饭盒 class 1. the middle class中产阶级first class头等，第一流Class One company 1.I enjoy your company.陪伴in the company of him由他陪伴conductor 1. 售票员 2. 指挥 3. 导体 content 1. be content with sth. 满意be content to do 甘愿/乐意做某事 2. the content of the text 内容 course 1. in the course of the class在上课过程中 2.golf course球场 3. ten-course meals一道菜 4.summer course课程 cover 1. cover the distance of 200 miles 走/行驶/飞过……一段路程
高考英语形近词与近义词总结归纳 1. lively 活波的，生动的alive 活的live 现场直播的，实况的 行的 living 活着的，健在的, 现 2.sensible 有感觉的，有判断力的flexible 易曲的，灵活的objective 客观的sensitive 敏感的，灵敏的 3.incapable 无能力的，不能的indispensable 必不可少的insensible 无知觉的，麻木的infinite 无穷的 4.valid 有效的，正当的vain 徒劳的，自负的vacant 空的，空闲的vague 含糊不清的，茫然 的 5.special 特别的，专门的particular 独特的，详细的peculiar 奇特的，罕见的specific 明确的，特效的 6. lasting 持久的，永久的liberal 慷慨的，不拘泥的，宽大的，自由主义的 7.dense密集的，浓厚的bold 大胆的8. friend ：朋友fiend：魔鬼 9. brother：兄弟bother：打扰broth：肉汤 10. sheer：完全的，纯粹的shear：剪（羊毛）shears：大剪刀 flagrant ：臭烘烘的，臭名昭著的 11. fragrant：芬芳的 12. observe：观察reserve：储备deserve：值得conserve：保存 13. conservation：n.保存conservative：保守的reservation：印第安人的保留地 14. complement：补偿，弥补，补充compliment ：赞美，称赞[比较记忆]“爱赞美，被补充” 15. poverty：贫穷property：财产[比较记忆] poverty ：p-“趴在地上”，over-“一切都完了” property：proper-恰当的，“每人恰当一份” 16. haven：避难所heaven：天堂 17. adopted “收养的，过继的”adoptive adoptive “收养的”，可说adoptive parents, 但很少说 adoptive child; “采用的”，“假冒的”an adoptive courage 假充勇敢。 18. adverse “不利的，反对的”，用于事，不用于人。 averse “嫌恶的，反对的，不乐意的”，常和“ adverse weather conditions ) to ”一起使用，而且用否定形式。 19. advise “劝告”( 动词) ；advice “劝告”( 名词) 。 21. all ready 意思是“completely prepared ”一切就绪言already “已经” 22. altogether (in total) “总共”all together 意思是“in a group ”。 amiable “可爱的，和蔼可亲的” 23. amicable “友好的，亲切的”指行为或情景。 24. assent 可用作“agreement ”“同意”或“agree ”“同意”。 ascent n. “上升，晋升”。the ascent of mountain 登山。 25. avert “防止，避免avoid “回避，逃避” 26. besides 意思是“in addition to ”“加之，还有，另外”；而beside “在, 旁边，在,, 一侧。 27. coherence “统一，一致性”；cohesion “结合，团结” 28. complement “补足( 物) ，补全”，“补足语”compliment “恭维话，赞辞，敬意” 29. confident “深信，确信，自信”。confidant “心腹朋友” 30. continual 连续的, 频繁的continuous 连续( 指从不间断的) repeatedly 连续的，断断续续的
蚅历年高考英语“一词多义”重点词汇大全 肀A 荿1.accident: 蒅①事故(n.) I saw an accident when I walked in the street. 莄②意外、偶然的事(n.) (accidentally) 膀2.appear: 螀①出现(vi) A ship appeared on the horizon. ?(disappear消失) 膆②好象, 似乎(vi) She appears to have many friends. 膃3.apply: 芀①申请（for）(vi) Mr.Wang decided to apply for the job. 膁②运用、应用（to）(vt.) Our teacher applies this teaching method to his class. 蚄4.arm?手臂?(n.)? ? ? ? ? ?武装(v)
膅Lay down your arms or we'll fire！放下武器，否则，我们就开枪了！ 莀Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有枪，十分危险。 芇5.area: 莆①地区(n.) Do you like the area where you are living? 羄②面积(n.) The city covers an area of 30,000 square kilometer. 蒀6.ask?（熟义：问）vt．要求 蚈The teacher asked that all the students stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室 肈7.attend?（熟义：出席）vt．参加；vi．看护，治疗 螃Mr．Park attended a summer course.帕克先生参加一个暑期课程。? 蕿If you go out，who'll attend to the baby？如果你走了，谁来照看婴儿？? 聿B 薆1.break:
高考英语形近词(一) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
高考英语形近词总结（四） 1.1lively活波的，生动的； alive活的； live现场直播的，实况的； living活着的，健在的, 现行的 2. 2.sensible有感觉的，有判断力的； flexible 易曲的，灵活的；objective 客观的； sensitive敏感的，灵敏的 3. 3.incapable无能力的，不能的；indispensable必不可少的；insensible 无知觉的，麻木的；infinite无穷的 4. 4.valid有效的，正当的；vain 徒劳的，自负的；vacant 空的，空闲的；vague 含糊不清的，茫然的 5. 5.special 特别的，专门的；particular独特的，详细的；peculiar 奇特的，罕见的；specific明确的，特效的 6. 6. lasting持久的，永久的； liberal慷慨的，不拘泥的，宽大的，自由主义的 7.7.dense 密集的，浓厚的； bold大胆的 8. friend朋友； fiend魔鬼 9. brother兄弟； bother打扰； broth肉汤 10. sheer完全的，纯粹的； shear剪（羊毛）；shears大剪刀 11. fragrant芬芳的； flagrant：臭烘烘的，臭名昭著的 12. observe观察；reserve储备；deserve；值得conserve保存 13. conservation n.保存； conservative保守的； reservation印第安人的保留地 14. complement补偿，弥补，补充；compliment赞美，称赞 15. poverty贫穷；property财产 16. haven避难所；heaven天堂 17. adopted收养的，过继的；adoptive收养的，可说adoptive parents,但很少说adoptive child; 18. adverse不利的，反对的，用于事，不用于人。adverse weather averse嫌恶的，反对的，不乐意的，常和to一起使用，而且用否定形式。19. advise劝告(动词)； advice劝告(名词)。 21. ready意思是completely prepared ；already已经 22. altogether (in total)总共； all together意思是in a group 23. amicable友好的，亲切的,指行为或情景;amiable可爱的，和蔼可亲的 24. assent可用作agreement同意或agree同意 ascent n.上升，晋升;the ascent of mountain登山 25. avert防止，避免； avoid回避，逃避 26. besides意思是;in addition to加之，还有，另外；而beside在…旁边，在……一侧。 27. coherence统一，一致性；cohesion结合力，团结 28. complement补足(物)，补全，补足语; compliment恭维话，赞辞，敬意 29. confident深信，确信，自信; confidant心腹朋友 30. continual连续的,频繁的continuous连续(指从不间断的)；repeatedly 连续的，断断续续的 31．counsel商议，劝告；follow sb's counsel close牢记某人忠告。 council议事机构，委员会；a cabinet council内阁会议。 32.creditable声誉好的，可称许(赞扬)的；credible可信的，可靠的
高考英语45个高频词的一词多义和固定搭 配 1. costThe ticket cost me ten dollars.（此句中cost用作及物动词，意为花费，这是cost的常用法之一。）The cost of living is much higher now than it was two years ago. （此句中cost用作名词，意为价格，成本，费用，这是它的常用法之二。） cost除了以上用法外，还有其它用法。如：① Has this project been costed？ (cost用作及物动词，意为估价，估计成本。)② I must get the book at all costs. (at all costs意为无论如何，不惜任何代价。)③ She saved him from drowning， but at the cost of her own life. (at the cost of sth.意为以牺牲某事物为代价。) 2. dealTeachers should deal fairly with their pupils. （此句中deal用作不及物动词，常和with连用，意为对待，这是deal的常用法。） deal还有其它用法。如：①She spent a good deal of money on new clothes. (a good deal of意为很多，大量后接不可数名词。)②We tried to make sure everyone got a fair deal. (a fair deal意为公平的待遇。)③My bank deals in stocks and shares now. (deal in意为经营。)④The teacher dealt out the test papers to
高考英语词汇——常见形近单词 1）quite 相当 quiet 安静地 2）affect v 影响，假装 effect n 结果，影响 3）adapt 适应 adopt 采用adept 内行 4）angel 天使 ngle 角度 5）dairy 牛奶厂diary 日记 6）contend 奋斗，斗争content 内容，满足的context 上下文contest 竞争，比赛 7）principal 校长，主要的principle 原则 8）implicit 含蓄的explicit 明白的 9）dessert 甜食desert 沙漠v 放弃dissert 写论文10）pat 轻拍tap 轻打slap 掌击rap 敲，打11）decent 正经descent n 向下血统descend v 向下12）sweet 甜的sweat 汗水 13）later后来latter后者latest 最近的lately 最近14）costume 服装custom 习惯 15）extensive 广泛的intensive 深刻的 16）aural 耳的oral 口头的 17）abroad 国外aboard 上（船，飞机） 18）altar 祭坛alter 改变 19）assent 同意ascent 上升accent 口音 20）champion冠军champagne 香槟campaign 战役21）baron 男爵barren 不毛之地的barn 古仓 22）beam 梁，光束bean 豆been have 过去式23）precede 领先proceed 进行，继续 24）pray 祈祷prey 猎物 25）chicken 鸡kitchen 厨房 26）monkey 猴子donkey 驴 27）chore 家务活chord 和弦cord 细绳 28）cite 引用site 场所sight 视觉 29）clash金属幢击声crash 碰幢，坠落crush 压坏30）compliment 赞美complement 附加物 31）confirm 确认conform 使顺从 32）contact 接触contract 合同contrast 对照 33）council 议会counsel 忠告consul 领事 34）crow 乌鸦crown 王冠clown 小丑cow 牛35）dose 一剂药doze 打盹 36）drawn draw 过去分词drown 溺水 37）emigrant 移民到国外immigrant 从某国的移民38）excess n 超过exceed v超过excel 擅长 39）hotel旅店hostel 青年旅社 40）latitude 纬度altitude 高度gratitude 感激 41）immoral 不道德的immortal 不朽的 42）lone 孤独的alone 单独的lonely 寂寞的 43）mortal 不死的metal 金属mental 神经的 medal 勋章model 模特meddle 玩弄 44）scare 惊吓scarce 缺乏的 45）drought 天旱draught 通风，拖拉 draughts （英）国际跳棋 47）assure 保证ensure 使确定insure 保险48）except 除外expect 期望accept 接受excerpt 选录exempt 免除 49）floor 地板flour 面粉 50）incident 事件accident 意外 51）inspiration 灵感aspiration 渴望 52）march 三月，前进match 比赛 53）patent 专利potent 有力的potential 潜在的54）police 警察policy 政策politics 政治 55）protest 抗议protect 保护 56）require 需要inquire 询问 enquire 询问acquire 获得 67）revenge 报仇avenge 为……报仇 68）story 故事storey 楼层store 商店 69）strike 打stick 坚持strict 严格的 70）expand 扩张expend 花费extend 延长71）commerce 商业commence 开始 72）through 通过thorough 彻底的 （al）though 尽管thought think 过去分词73）purpose 目的suppose 假设propose 建议74）expect 期望respect 尊敬 aspect 方面inspect 视察suspect 怀疑75）glide 滑翔slide 使滑行slip 跌落 76）steal 偷steel 钢 77）strive 努力stride 大步走 78）allusion 暗示illusion 幻觉 delusion 错觉elusion 逃避 79）prospect 前景perspective 透视法 80）stationery 文具stationary 固定的 81）loose 松的lose 丢失 loss n 损失lost lose过去式 82）amend 改正，修正emend 校正 83）amoral unmoral immoral 同义不道德的84）capitol 大厦capital 首都 85）casual 随便的causal 表原因的 86）extend 延伸extent 长度extant 现存的87）inability 没能力disability 残疾 88）personnel 人事personal 个人的 89）statue 塑像statute 法令 stature 身长status 地位 90）widow 寡妇window 窗户 91）socks 短袜stockings 长筒袜 92）tax 税taxi 出租 93）definite 不定的infinite 无限的
高考中常见的150个一词多义 1．about （熟义：关于）prep．& adv．到处＝（美）around 到处 We spent the whole afternoon walking about town．我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。2．act （熟义：行动）vi．起作用 It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act．只需几分钟，药物就起作用了。 3．add （熟义：加）vt 接着说，又说 “They don't kno w．”he added．“他们不知道。”他接着又说。 4．address （熟义：地址，写地址）vt．①称呼②向……发表演说/致辞The president should be addressed as “Mr President．”总统应称为“总统先生”。 He is going to address the meeting in a minute．他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。 5．admit （熟义：承认）vt．①允许进入②容纳 The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house. 仆人打开门，请我进去。 The theatre only admits 1，000 persons．这个剧场只能容纳一千人。 6. adapt （熟义：适应）vt．使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本) These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好. This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original. 这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目. 7. adopt （熟义：收养; 过继）vt．①采纳;采取;采用 We adopt their teaching method. 我们采用了他们的教学方法 8．against （熟义：反对，违背）prep．衬着，迎着，靠着 The picture looks good against the white wall． 这幅画在洁白的墙的衬托下显得很好看。 9．agree with （熟义：同意）与……一致，协调，适合 Your story agrees with what I heard．你讲的与我所听到的一致。 Long plane trips don't agree with me．我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。 10．appeal （熟义: 恳求,呼吁）v (对某人)有吸引力,(使某人)感兴趣 The idea of camping has never appealed to me. 对露营这种想法我从来不感兴趣. 11．apply（熟义：申请）v．应用,运用; 适用 What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人. 12．arm （熟义：n．手臂）n．武器v．武装 Lay down your arms or we'll fire！放下武器，否则，我们就开枪了！ Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有枪，十分危险。13．ask （熟义：问）vt．要求 The teacher asked that all the students(should) stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室. 14．attend （熟义：出席）vt．＆vi．看护，治疗 Dr．Paria Lal attends him．Paria Lal医生在治疗他。 If you go out，who'll attend to the baby？如果你走了，谁来照看婴儿？ 15．back （熟义：n．背）vt．支持 Many of his friends backed his plan．他的许多朋友支持他的计划。 16．badly （熟义：坏）adv．迫切, 很 English teachers are badly needed in our school. 我们学校极需要英语老师。 17．before （熟义：以前）conj．才；就 It was a long time before I got to sleep again．过了很久我才再睡着。 I hadn't waited long before he came．我没有等多久，他就来了。 18．block （熟义：大块）n．(四面临街) 建筑群，街区v 阻碍；堵塞He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街。 Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland. 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的路。19．blow （熟义：吹，刮）n．打击 His wife’s death was a great blow to him. 他妻子的去世对他是一大打击。 20．buy （熟义：购买）v．相信 No one will buy that excuse. 谁也不会相信那个借口。 21．build （熟义：v．修建）n．身材，体型 The football player has a solid build．足球运动员体格健壮。 22．can （熟义：能）n．罐头vt．做成罐头 Mother cans fruit．妈妈把水果做成罐头。
A 1. about (prep) 关于Why not talk about the Chinese culture for tomorrow’s lecture? (ad) 到处，四处Watch out! Bears about! 大约Let’s meet at about 4 o’clock at the school gate. 2. absent (a)缺席的--Who is absent today？--Daming. He had an accident on the school trip. absent-minded健忘的My grandpa became absent-minded with age. 心不在焉的He was so absent-minded in class that the teacher became angry with him. 3. after (prep)在…后面My best friend Peter sits after me . (conj)在…以后I will tell her the news after she comes back. 4. against (prep)倚在……上The piano is against the wall. 对We played against a team from the No.2 Middle School and won the game. 反对Don’t do anything against the law. 5. around 大约See you around 7:30. 向各处I like to travel around the world someday. 环绕The earth moves around the sun. 6.as（ad）像…一样,如同He is as tall as his father. as (conj)由于，因为As you weren’t there, I left a message. 在……期间,当……的时候Then she drove me over to Bobbie Decker’s house, explaining as we went that I was now one of Santa’s helpers.(朝阳期末完形) as(prep)作为，当作He had a job as a teacher three years ago, but now he worked in a company. B 1. bear (n)熊He ran away as quickly as possible when he saw the bear in the forest. bear (v)忍受He can’t bear to be laughed at. 2. bill(n)账单；--Have you paid the bill? 钞票，纸币--Y es, I paid the bill with a ten-dollar bill. 3. book (n) 书，本子There are a lot of books in the library. book (v) 预订Y ou’d better book tickets if you want to watch the movie. 4. break (n) 休息It’s time to take a break. break(v) 打破It’s really bad to break the valuable china vase. 终止She broke the silence by coughing. 已坏I don’t think my watch is broken. 5. bring(v)带来，拿来 ①Please remember to bring your homework tomorrow. ②His energetic interest and ability brought an offer to become a line boss.(西城期末完形) 6. brush (n)刷子, 画笔，毛笔It’s good for us to change our tooth-brush regularly. (v)刷Y ou’d better brush your teeth after meals. 7. burn (v) 着火The house was burned to the ground.(ie completely destroyed by fire) 使晒黑His face was badly burnt by the hot sun. (他的脸被烈日晒伤了) Her skin burns easily. （她的皮肤不禁晒） (n) 烧伤，晒伤 8.but (conj)但是It’s not cheap, but it’s good. (prep)除了I want nobody but you to finish the work. 9. by （prep）靠近，在……旁We had a picnic by the lake.通过He entered the room by the back door. 经过（某人、某物）He walked by me without speaking. 不迟于Can you finish the work by five o’clock? 由The play is written by Shakespeare. 乘（车）Let’s travel to Shanghai by car. 通过…..的方式He earns his living by writing. C 1.can 能够，可以He can speak English very well. (n) 金属或塑料的容器；罐头a Coke can 2. cap (n) 帽子British schoolboys sometimes wear caps. （钢笔、瓶子等的）帽、盖When I saw the bottle, the scene of Dad trying to remove the cap and in desperation(绝望) breaking it with the stone flashed before my eyes. (西城期末完形) 3. capital(n)首都Beijing is the capital of China. 大写字母The world BIG is in capitals. 资本He set up a business with a starting capital of＄100,000. 4. care (n) 照料She watered the flower with great care. 小心Care is needed when crossing the road. (v) 介意，在乎He failed the exam but he didn’t seem to care at all. 关心His parents really cares about him. 5.carry (v) 携带，搬运；She carried her baby in her arms. 持有，带有；I never carry much money with me. 6. catch (v)接住I threw a ball to her and she caught it. 捉住We tried our best to catch the thief. 赶上He got up too late to catch the early bus. 染上（疾病）④--What’s wrong with you?—Oh, I catch a cold. 听见（某事物），理解Sorry，I didn’t catch what you said. 7. change (n) 零钱，找头I have no small change. 改变Are you for or against change? (你是赞同还是反对改动？) (v) 改变It is not easy to make him change his mind. 8. class (n)班级I am happy I study in Class Six. 等级This is a second-class compartment. 课I have a math class at 9o’clock. 9. close (v) 关闭Don’t forget to close the door when you leave the room. (a) 亲密的I have a close friend called Joy. 接近The church is close to the school.
高考英语词汇之常见形近单词 1）quite 相当 quiet 安静地 2）affect v 影响，假装 effect n 结果，影响 3）adapt 适应 adopt 采用adept 内行 4）angel 天使 angle 角度 5）dairy 牛奶厂diary 日记 6）content 内容，满足的context 上下文contest 竞争，比赛 7）principal 校长，主要的principle 原则 8）implicit 含蓄的explicit 明白的 9）dessert 甜食desert 沙漠v 放弃 10）at 轻拍tap 轻打slap 掌击rap 敲，打11）sweet 甜的sweat 汗水 12）later后来latter后者latest 最近的lately 最近13）costume 服装custom 习惯 14）extensive 广泛的intensive 深刻的 15）aural 耳的oral 口头的 16）abroad 国外aboard 上（船，飞机） 17）altar 祭坛alter 改变 18）assent 同意ascent 上升accent 口音 19）champion冠军champagne 香槟campaign 战役20）baron 男爵barren 不毛之地的barn 古仓 21）beam 梁，光束bean 豆 22）precede 领先proceed 进行，继续process过程23）pray 祈祷prey 猎物 24）chicken 鸡kitchen 厨房 25）monkey 猴子donkey 驴 26）chore 家务活chord 和弦cord 细绳 27）cite 引用site 场所sight 视觉 28）clash金属幢击声crash 碰幢，坠落crush 压坏29）compliment 赞美complement 附加物 30）confirm 确认conform 使顺从 31）contact 接触contract 合同contrast 对照 32）council 议会counsel 忠告consul 领事 33）crow 乌鸦crown 王冠clown 小丑cow 牛34）dose 一剂药doze 打盹dozen 一打 35）drawn draw 过去分词drown 溺水 36）emigrant 移民到国外immigrant 从某国的移民37）excess n 超过exceed v超过excel 擅长 38）hotel旅店hostel 青年旅社 39）latitude 纬度altitude 高度gratitude 感激40）immoral 不道德的immortal 不朽的 41）lone 孤独的alone 单独的lonely 寂寞的42）mortal 不死的metal 金属mental 神经的43）medal 勋章model 模特meddle 玩弄44）scare 惊吓scarce 缺乏的scarcely几乎不 45）drought 天旱draught 通风，拖拉 draughts （英）国际跳棋 46）assure 保证ensure 使确定insure 保险 47）except 除外expect 期望accept 接受 excerpt 选录exempt 免除 48）floor 地板flour 面粉flower 花朵 49）1lively活波的，生动的 alive活的live现场直播的，实况的living活着的，健在的, 现行的 50）incident 事件accident 意外 51）inspiration 灵感aspiration 渴望 52）march 三月，前进match 比赛 53）patent 专利potent 有力的potential 潜在的 54）police 警察policy 政策politics 政治 55）protest 抗议protect 保护 56）require 需要inquire 询问 enquire 询问acquire 获得 67）revenge 报仇avenge 为……报仇 68）story 故事storey 楼层store 商店 69）strike 打stick 坚持strict 严格的 70）expand 扩张expend 花费extend 延长 71）commerce 商业commence 开始 72）through 通过thorough 彻底的 though 尽管thought think 过去分词 73）purpose 目的suppose 假设propose 建议 74）expect 期望respect 尊敬 aspect 方面inspect 视察suspect 怀疑 75）glide 滑翔slide 使滑行slip 跌落 76）steal 偷steel 钢 77）strive 努力stride 大步走 78）allusion 暗示illusion 幻觉 delusion 错觉elusion 逃避 79）prospect 前景perspective 透视法 80）stationery 文具stationary 固定的 81）loose 松的lose 丢失 loss n 损失lost lose过去式 82）sensible有感觉的，有判断力的 flexible 易曲的，灵活的 objective 客观的 sensitive敏感的，灵敏的 83）amoral unmoral immoral 同义不道德的 84）capitol 大厦capital 首都 85）casual 随便的causal 表原因的 86）extend 延伸extent 长度extant 现存的 87）inability 没能力disability 残疾 88）personnel 人事personal 个人的
1. After taking a shot with his bow, the archer took a bow. bow: ① n. 弓② n. 鞠躬奇速英语 2. I had to console my mom after I sold her console. console: ① v. 安慰，抚慰② n. 落地柜；靠墙摆放的小桌子 3. No one could believe how much produce our garden could produce. produce: ① n. 产品，农产品② v. 生产，出产 4. There's no dessert in the desert for those who desert. dessert: n. 甜点 desert: ① n. 沙漠② v. 擅离（职守），逃跑 5. The family was hoping their live plants would live. live: ① a. 活的，有生命的② v. 活着 6. There's simply no use for something you can't use. use: ① n. 用处② v. 使用 7. They were going to project the project at the local theater. project: ① v. 放映② n. 方案；科研项目 8. It's not easy to resume work without a resume. resume: ① v. 重新开始② n. 简历 9. The band booked the studio to record their record. record: ① v. 录制② n. 唱片 10. The salesman was standing so close it was impossible to close the door. close: ① adv. 靠近地② v. 关 11. The rebel seized the opportunity to rebel. rebel: ① n. 造反者② v. 造反，反抗 12. The artist worked for hours to perfect the nearly perfect work. perfect: ① v. 使完美② a. 完美的 13. The sport agent's resigning affected the star's resigning. resigning: ① n. 辞职② n. 委托奇速英语 14. The incense incensed the customers. inc ense: ① n. 香，焚香时的烟② v. 激怒，使愤怒 下面来让大家混乱一下，看看例句中的这些词汇现象的专业术语叫什么：Homophone 同音异义词 Homograph 同形异义词