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人教版英语八年级下册【语法全解】:动词不定式

【语法全解】:动词不定式

(1)动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形(do),有时可以不带to,没有人称和数的变化。

(2)动词不定式的否定形式:not+ to do,不需要借助于助动词来完成。

(3)功能:动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,在句中可以充当宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及主语、表语、定语等。

①作宾语,动词不定式可以用在一些及物动词之后作宾语。如try,remember,

hope等。

We hope to leave at once.我们希望马上离开。

He’ll try not to be late again.他将设法不再迟到。

巧记接动词不定式作宾语的动词

三个希望(hope,wish,expect)两需要(want,need),

设法(try)同意(agree)作准备(prepare)。

开始(start,begin)计划(plan)莫忘记(forget),

记着(remember)决定(decide)能学会(learn)。

②作宾语补足语。

1)在ask, tell, want, would like, order等动词(短语)后接宾语补足语,必须带to。

The doctor told him to drink more water.

医生告诉他要多喝水。

2)在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, feel等后,不带to(但变为被动语态时不定式要带to)。

The boss made them work the whole night.

老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。

记牢宾补不带to,一感、二听要仔细。

三让四看记心间,半个帮助最相宜。

(一感:feel;二听:hear,listen to;三让:let,make,have;四看:see,watch,look at,notice;半个帮助:help,可带to也可不带)

③作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。

We are working hard to make a better life.

我们努力工作目的是使我们的生活更美好。

④作表语。

The difficulty is to stop people killing animals.

困难是阻止人们杀死动物。

⑤作定语,通常位于所修饰词之后。

There is no more room to live in.

再也没有地方可住了。

⑥作主语,常用it作形式主语代替动词不定式,以免句子头重脚轻。

To learn English is important for us.

学英语对我们来说是重要的。

=It is important for us to learn English.

[拓展延伸]

不定式的几种常用句型有:

(1)ask/tell/order sb.(not) to do sth.意为“要求/告诉/命令某人(不)做某事”。The teacher told us to bring our dictionaries.

老师告诉我们带字典来。

I asked him not to open the window.

我要求他不要开窗。

(2)“too+形容词/副词+to do sth.”意为“太……以至于不能做某事”。

The question is too difficult for me to answer.

这个问题对我来说太难回答。

(3)It’s (was)+形容词+of (for) sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是……”。It’s kind of you to help me.您能帮我,真是太好了。

(4)...enough to do sth.意为“足够做某事”。

He is old enough to dress himself.

他年龄足够大,可以自己穿衣服。

(5)It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”。

It takes her an hour to do her homework every night.

每晚做作业花费她一个小时的时间。

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作表语 在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。 · His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 · My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 · Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 作宾语 动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。 · I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 · They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 · Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 ·Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们起去野餐好吗? 【特殊】 1.如果and连接两个动词不定式,第二个动词不定式一般省“to”。 · He wants to go and have a swim with us.

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【易错考点回顾】动词不定式 【易错点睛】 不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时to也可省略。动词不定式可以充当的成分有:主语,表语,宾语,宾补,定语,状语。 作主语时,常用在it作形式主语引导的句型中。 It + be + adj. +(for/of sb.)to do sth. 作宾语时,常跟在动词want, hope, decide, plan, expect, would like等词的后面,而find, think, make等动词通常用在it作形式宾语的句型中,结构为“主语+动词+it+宾补+不定式”。 作宾补时,常用在tell, ask, allow, want, wish, would like, invite, encourage等词后面;而使役动词make, let, have和感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, notice等后用不带to的不定式作宾补。作状语时,可表目的,结果,原因等。 I went to the library to study English. 我去图书馆学英语了。(表目的) I’m sorry to trouble you. 我很抱歉给你添麻烦了。(表原因) 【易错考点回顾】 1. _______ great success, you need to work hard and don’t let anything get in the way. A. Achieve B. To achieve C. Achieving D. Achieved 【错因分析】对词汇success和短语in the way的意思没理解,其次没有掌握住非谓语的几种形式的用法特点也容易选择错误。 【思路点拨】本题考查动词不定式。结合句意和非谓语的几种形式所充当的成分是解题的关键。 【正确答案】正确答案为B。句意:为了取得巨大的成功,你需要努力工作不让任何事情阻挡了你。根据句意可知,此处应用to do表目的。to do作的是目的状语。 【中考链接】 1. (xx昆明)Nowadays, it’s convenient and cheap for us ______ a shared-bicycle. A. ride B. to ride C. flying D. to fly 【答案】B 解析:“It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”为固定句型,意为“做某事对某人来说……”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to do。句意:现在,骑共享单车对我们来说既方便又便宜。ride a bicycle为固定搭配,符合语境。故选B。

新人教版八年级英语下册Unit2-I'll-help-to-clean-up-the-city-parks教案

教案

讲义 学生:任课教师:

例:Several boys were injured. 有几个小伙子伤了。 My friend speaks several languages. 我的朋友能讲几种语言 11. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年,她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。 【解析】try out 尝试;实验 【拓展】try on 试穿 ①We should __________________(尽最大努力)to be happy in the future. ②We should try ___ much fruit. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats 12. care for sb./sth.照顾;照料 care【名词】小心,关心;take care of = look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心,在意某人/事 例:Many students in our school _______ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. A.worry about B. care for C. agree with D. take care 【拓展】care的短语总结 take care =be careful v.当心,小心;take care of =look after v.照顾,照料,照看take care of 处理,做完 练习:Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go. I need to ______ my baby at home. A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take out of 13. But I want to learn more about how to care for animals... 但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识 【解析】―疑问词+不定式‖作及物动词的宾语, 【记】:I don’t know what to do.I don’t know how to do it. I don’t know what to do with it.

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